Gaslighting, Blame-Shifting, and the Absence of Repair
A person can know something experientially long before they can articulate it. They might know, for example, “After X is upset with me, I end up confused. I initiate communication thinking I had a legitimate concern, and somehow I leave apologizing and wondering whether I caused everything.” They don’t necessarily have words or concepts to process what happened. Once someone learns concepts like blame-shifting, triangulation, invalidation, double standards, DARVO, conditional approval, or refusal of repair, those concepts can provide handles for examining…